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2166 BC ABRAM IS BORN
Abram, a descendant of Noah's son Shem (Genesis 11:10-26), was born in the Mesopotamian city of Ur in 2166 BC (Genesis 11:26-28) into a family of idolaters (Joshua 24:2). God chose Abram to be the founder of his people (Genesis 24:7). The name Abram probably means "exalted father," but God later changed his name to Abraham, meaning "father of many" (Genesis 17:5). While Abram was living in Ur, God called him to leave his country to journey to Canaan, the Promised Land (Acts 7:2-3). Abram/Abraham is described as a man of faith (Genesis 15:6; Hebrews 11:8-19) and "the father of all who believe" (Romans 4:16; Galatians 3:7, 29).
2091 BC ABRAM DEPARTS FOR CANAAN
Abraham's Journey to Canaan: Abrah, Sarai, and Lot traveled from Ur of the Chaldeans to Canaan by way of Haran. Thoughindirect, this route followed the rivers rather than attempting to cross the vast desert.
On the way to Canaan, Abram and his father, Terah, settled in Haran on the Balih River in northern Mesopotamia (Genesis 11:31; 12:1, 5). When Terah died in 2091 BC, Abram (then seventy-five years old) left Haran with his wife, Sarai, his nephew Lot, and the servants he had acquired in Haran (Genesis 12:5). He settled near Bethel at Beersheba. In his covenant with Abram, God promised to make of him a great nation, to bless him, to make his name great, and to bless all the families of the earth through him (Genesis 12:1-3). In addition, God gave the land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants (Genesis 12:7). Abram is described as a resident alien without a capital city of his own. He was a wealthy man (Genesis 13:2) with three hundred male servants in his household (Genesis 14:14).
2080 BC ISHMAEL IS BORN
God promised Abram that he would be the father of a multitude (Genesis 15:4-5). Abram believed God (Genesis 15:6), yet at the age of eighty-five he still was child-less. His wife, Sarai, frustrated that she was barren (Genesis 16:1), took things into her own hands. Following the Near Eastern custom, Sarai gave her maidservant Hagar to Abram as an additional wife to ensure that her husband would have a male heir (Genesis 16:2-3). In 2080 BC, Hagar gave birth to Ishmael (Genesis 16:15-16). The apostle Paul states that Ishmael was born according to the flesh, whereas Abram's second son, Isaac, was born through promise (Galatians 4:23). Abram later expelled Hagar and Ishmael (Genesis 21:14). Ishmael is regarded as the progenitor of the Arabs (cf. Genesis 21:18).
2067 BC ESTABLISHING THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT
In making a covenant with Abram, God used the same oath rituals used by earthly kings when they made treaties, because his covenant with Abram was in essence a treaty. God commanded Abram to kill a heifer, a goat, and a ram, cut their carcasses in two, and lay each half opposite the other. Then God took an oath by passing between the divided carcasses, thereby stating symbolically, "May I be slain like these animals if I do not keep my oath" (Genesis 15:9-18). Abram performed his covenantal oath of allegiance to God through the act of circumcision (Genesis 17:10-13). Circumcision symbolized the curse of being cut off from God's people (Genesis 17:13-14). Abram, Ishmael, and all the males in his household were circumcised (Genesis 17:23-27). As part of the covenental process, God changed Abram's name to Abraham, and Sarai's name to Sarah (Genesis 17:5, 15).
2066 BC ISAAC IS BORN
When Abraham was ninety-nine years old and Sarah was eighty-nine, the Lord appeared to Abraham and told him that his wife Sarai would bear him a son (Genesis 17:15-16). Sarah, listening at the nearby tent door, laughed. The Lord asked Abraham why Sarah had laughed, adding "Is anything too hard for the Lord?" (Genesis 18:1-15). The next year, in 2066 BC, Sarah gave birth to Isaac, the heir of God's covenant (Genesis 21:1-5; Romans 4:18-20). The name Isaac means "he laughs," because Sarah had laughed at the idea of her giving birth at the age of ninety (Genesis 17:17; 21:6). The great test of Abraham's faith came when God commanded him to sacrifice Isaac on Mount Moriah (Genesis 22:2), the later site of the Jerusalem Temple (2 Chronicles 3:1). Abraham obeyed, but was spared sacrificing his son when God provided a ram as a substitute (Genesis 22:3-24).
2029 BC SARAH DIES
Sarah, Abraham's wife, died at the age of 127. The first property Abraham owned in the Promised Land was the burial place he purchased for Sarah (Genesis 23:1-20).
2006 BC ESAU AND JACOB ARE BORN
Esau and Jacob, fraternal twins, were born to Isaac and Rebekah in 2006 BC (Genesis 25:24-26). God sovereignly chose Jacob over Esau to be the heir of the covenant (Romans 9:10-13). As the two babies struggled with each other in Rebekah's womb, God told her, "The sons in your womb will become two rival nations," and "the descendants of your older son [Esau] will serve the descendants of your younger son [Jacob]" (Genesis 25:23; see also Romans 9:12). With cleverness and deceit, Jacob gained both Esau's birthright (Genesis 25:27-34) and blessing (Genesis 27:1-45), which were Esau's by right as the firstborn of the twins. Jacob was the father of the twelve tribes of Israel, and Esau became the progenitor of the nation of Edom (Genesis 25:30; 32:3; 36:1, 30).
—Complete Book of When and Where, The
Abram, a descendant of Noah's son Shem (Genesis 11:10-26), was born in the Mesopotamian city of Ur in 2166 BC (Genesis 11:26-28) into a family of idolaters (Joshua 24:2). God chose Abram to be the founder of his people (Genesis 24:7). The name Abram probably means "exalted father," but God later changed his name to Abraham, meaning "father of many" (Genesis 17:5). While Abram was living in Ur, God called him to leave his country to journey to Canaan, the Promised Land (Acts 7:2-3). Abram/Abraham is described as a man of faith (Genesis 15:6; Hebrews 11:8-19) and "the father of all who believe" (Romans 4:16; Galatians 3:7, 29).
2091 BC ABRAM DEPARTS FOR CANAAN
Abraham's Journey to Canaan: Abrah, Sarai, and Lot traveled from Ur of the Chaldeans to Canaan by way of Haran. Thoughindirect, this route followed the rivers rather than attempting to cross the vast desert.
On the way to Canaan, Abram and his father, Terah, settled in Haran on the Balih River in northern Mesopotamia (Genesis 11:31; 12:1, 5). When Terah died in 2091 BC, Abram (then seventy-five years old) left Haran with his wife, Sarai, his nephew Lot, and the servants he had acquired in Haran (Genesis 12:5). He settled near Bethel at Beersheba. In his covenant with Abram, God promised to make of him a great nation, to bless him, to make his name great, and to bless all the families of the earth through him (Genesis 12:1-3). In addition, God gave the land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants (Genesis 12:7). Abram is described as a resident alien without a capital city of his own. He was a wealthy man (Genesis 13:2) with three hundred male servants in his household (Genesis 14:14).
2080 BC ISHMAEL IS BORN
God promised Abram that he would be the father of a multitude (Genesis 15:4-5). Abram believed God (Genesis 15:6), yet at the age of eighty-five he still was child-less. His wife, Sarai, frustrated that she was barren (Genesis 16:1), took things into her own hands. Following the Near Eastern custom, Sarai gave her maidservant Hagar to Abram as an additional wife to ensure that her husband would have a male heir (Genesis 16:2-3). In 2080 BC, Hagar gave birth to Ishmael (Genesis 16:15-16). The apostle Paul states that Ishmael was born according to the flesh, whereas Abram's second son, Isaac, was born through promise (Galatians 4:23). Abram later expelled Hagar and Ishmael (Genesis 21:14). Ishmael is regarded as the progenitor of the Arabs (cf. Genesis 21:18).
2067 BC ESTABLISHING THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT
In making a covenant with Abram, God used the same oath rituals used by earthly kings when they made treaties, because his covenant with Abram was in essence a treaty. God commanded Abram to kill a heifer, a goat, and a ram, cut their carcasses in two, and lay each half opposite the other. Then God took an oath by passing between the divided carcasses, thereby stating symbolically, "May I be slain like these animals if I do not keep my oath" (Genesis 15:9-18). Abram performed his covenantal oath of allegiance to God through the act of circumcision (Genesis 17:10-13). Circumcision symbolized the curse of being cut off from God's people (Genesis 17:13-14). Abram, Ishmael, and all the males in his household were circumcised (Genesis 17:23-27). As part of the covenental process, God changed Abram's name to Abraham, and Sarai's name to Sarah (Genesis 17:5, 15).
2066 BC ISAAC IS BORN
When Abraham was ninety-nine years old and Sarah was eighty-nine, the Lord appeared to Abraham and told him that his wife Sarai would bear him a son (Genesis 17:15-16). Sarah, listening at the nearby tent door, laughed. The Lord asked Abraham why Sarah had laughed, adding "Is anything too hard for the Lord?" (Genesis 18:1-15). The next year, in 2066 BC, Sarah gave birth to Isaac, the heir of God's covenant (Genesis 21:1-5; Romans 4:18-20). The name Isaac means "he laughs," because Sarah had laughed at the idea of her giving birth at the age of ninety (Genesis 17:17; 21:6). The great test of Abraham's faith came when God commanded him to sacrifice Isaac on Mount Moriah (Genesis 22:2), the later site of the Jerusalem Temple (2 Chronicles 3:1). Abraham obeyed, but was spared sacrificing his son when God provided a ram as a substitute (Genesis 22:3-24).
2029 BC SARAH DIES
Sarah, Abraham's wife, died at the age of 127. The first property Abraham owned in the Promised Land was the burial place he purchased for Sarah (Genesis 23:1-20).
2006 BC ESAU AND JACOB ARE BORN
Esau and Jacob, fraternal twins, were born to Isaac and Rebekah in 2006 BC (Genesis 25:24-26). God sovereignly chose Jacob over Esau to be the heir of the covenant (Romans 9:10-13). As the two babies struggled with each other in Rebekah's womb, God told her, "The sons in your womb will become two rival nations," and "the descendants of your older son [Esau] will serve the descendants of your younger son [Jacob]" (Genesis 25:23; see also Romans 9:12). With cleverness and deceit, Jacob gained both Esau's birthright (Genesis 25:27-34) and blessing (Genesis 27:1-45), which were Esau's by right as the firstborn of the twins. Jacob was the father of the twelve tribes of Israel, and Esau became the progenitor of the nation of Edom (Genesis 25:30; 32:3; 36:1, 30).
—Complete Book of When and Where, The